Taking “lessons” from tensions with India, Pakistan has moved to fortify the constitutional basis of military command, signaling a push to modernize defense structures and tighten civilian-military coherence. Its law minister Azam Nazeer Tarar, on Saturday, tabled the 27th Constitutional Amendment Bill in the upper house, a move aimed at revising Article 243 to formally enshrine the appointments and parallel ranks of the Army, Air, and Naval chiefs. Citing “lessons” from recent India-Pakistan standoffs, Tarar said the nature of modern warfare had changed, requiring constitutional alignment with evolving command realities.
“Recent Pakistan-India tensions have taught us many lessons. The nature and strategy of war have completely changed. Appointment procedures and some positions were previously in the Army Act but were not mentioned in the 1973 Constitution. Parallel ranks exist worldwide for Air Chief and Naval Chief,” Tarar said.The move, however, has come under scanner as many believe it could give more power to military than the civilian government in Pakistan.
The India connection
India, on May 7, launched Operation Sindoor against terror sites in Pakistan and Pakistan-occupied Kashmir, killing over 100 terrorists and targeting key JeM and LeT camps. The move, which came in retaliation to Pahalgam terror attack, turned into a major India-Pakistan issue with the latter also launching a military operation against India. By May 10, the two nations announced a ceasefire after Pakistan approached India for truce talks.Ten days after the truce, Pakistani army general Asim Munir was promoted to the rank of field marshal, the principal military advisor to the prime minister and the president of Pakistan on all matters related to national security. Before Munir, former Pakistan President Genral Ayub Khan had self elevated himself to field marshal in 1959.
Will it make Pak army chief Asim Munir’s position stronger?
The proposed changes to Article 243 in Pakistan’s Constitution, are designed to significantly bolster the authority of the military, specifically, army chief and recently designated field marshal Asim Munir. Here’s how:
| Proposed change to Article 243 | Description | Why it increases Munir’s power |
| Formal recognition of Field Marshal | Field Marshal to be constitutionally recognized as a rank, not just an honorary title | Grants Munir secure legal status, enabling tenure extension and legal protection against dismissal or demotion. |
| Creation of ‘Commander of Defense Forces’ (CDF) | Establishes a new central position to oversee army, navy, air force | Munir may transition to/head this role, consolidating command over all forces, superseding the current setup. |
| Shift of supreme command away from president to CDF | Reduces President and PM’s operational control over armed forces | Centralizes authority in Munir (as CDF or Field Marshal), further reducing civilian oversight |
| Tenure extension via new constitutional language | Secures longer term (potentially unlimited) for Munir in his new post | Provides Munir greater continuity and leverage in national affairs |
| Centralization of civilian government functions | Ministries like education, population welfare moved under federal control | Increases central government (and de facto military) power, indirectly empowering Munir |
| Reduction of provincial autonomy | Provincial share in federal resources reduced, central government gains more control | Weakens provincial challenge to federal/military authority, strengthening Munir’s policy reach |
Why Pakistani critics are skeptical?
According to an article by Pakistani media outlet Dawn, legal experts in Pakistan remain divided on whether such institutional adjustments truly warrant a constitutional amendment, noting that most operational reforms can be achieved through ordinary legislation rather than altering Article 243.Constitutional experts argued that modernizing command structures or creating a Chief of Defense Staff-type position does not require amending Article 243. Such reforms could be introduced through ordinary legislation or defense rules. Altering the Constitution, they warned, risks expanding military autonomy under the guise of structural integration.Another confusion surrounding Article 243 stems from the changes introduced by the 26th Amendment, which extended the army chief’s tenure from three to five years. The current chief, appointed under the old law and later elevated to the ceremonial rank of field marshal, a position not mentioned in the Constitution, has become the focal point of legal ambiguity. Dawn reported that experts remain divided on whether his term automatically extends under the new law or requires a fresh notification, raising questions about the real intent behind the proposed 27th Amendment: to resolve this technical uncertainty or to further cement the military’s influence within Pakistan’s constitutional framework.
